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西安進(jìn)口不鏽鋼需要注意的問題

日期:2025-05-08 06:31
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摘要:<p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">西安</span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">進(jìn)口不鏽鋼需要注意的問題</span> </span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;">西安<span style="font-family:宋體;">使用的不鏽鋼材料分進(jìn)口與國產(chǎn)兩種,國產(chǎn)材料,由於使用的是歐洲(</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">ISO</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">)體係,用成分表示,比較直觀,不容易發(fā)生問題,現(xiàn)在我們重點(diǎn)談?wù)勥M(jìn)口不鏽鋼的一些需要注意的問題: </span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><br /> </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;">1<span style="font-family:宋體;">、材料標(biāo)準(zhǔn) </span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><br /> </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">現(xiàn)在,我們經(jīng)常見到的進(jìn)口不鏽鋼標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有美國</span>ASME<span style="font-family:宋體;">標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">SA240</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">ASTM</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">A240</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">以及日本</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">JIS</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">SUS</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">;經(jīng)常使用的牌號為</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">316L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">等。下麵以</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">為例來說明它們的表示方法:</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">JIS</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中材料,表示比較簡單,就是</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">SUS304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">這樣表示;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">ASME</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">及</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">ASTM</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">的表示有幾種:</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">SA240-304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">SA240TP304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">A240-304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">A240TP304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">,實(shí)際上,中間加</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">-</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">與加</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">TP</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">的意思是一樣的。我們提到前麵有</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">的材料,其中</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">為後綴,表示含碳量較低;經(jīng)??梢钥吹降倪€有</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">H</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">,表示含碳量較高,主要使用在溫度較高的場合;另外常見的還有</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">N</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">,表示加元素</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">N</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">,提高強(qiáng)度。有時(shí)候,我們還可以在後麵見到:</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2B</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">,</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">No.1</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">等後綴,這些後綴表示的是材料的表麵狀態(tài);</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2B</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">表示熱軋加冷軋後,表麵較好,達(dá)到鏡麵要求的</span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">鋼板</span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">;</span>2D<span style="font-family:宋體;">表示熱軋加冷軋後,表麵一般的鋼板;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">No.1</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">表示熱軋表麵。 </span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><br /> </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;">2<span style="font-family:宋體;">、關(guān)於材料的代用 </span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">在許多人心目中,材料</span>“<span style="font-family:宋體;">以高代低、以厚代薄</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">”</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">是天經(jīng)地義的事情,不需要多管,實(shí)際上這種觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的,下麵我們以</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304H</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">為例來進(jìn)行說明:一般來看,</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">比</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">有更低的含碳量,更好的耐腐蝕性,因此可以代替</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">材料使用。確實(shí)</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">滿足</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">的要求,而且比</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">更好,好像可以自動(dòng)替代</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">,但從力學(xué)性能看,</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">的強(qiáng)度比</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">高,當(dāng)按</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">設(shè)計(jì)時(shí),用</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">替代,就會(huì)造成強(qiáng)度不夠;另外,在我國壓力容器標(biāo)準(zhǔn)</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">GB150-1998</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">中</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">4.1.6</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">條規(guī)定:奧氏體不鏽鋼的使用溫度高於</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">525</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">℃</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">時(shí),鋼中含碳量應(yīng)不小於</span>0.04%<span style="font-family:宋體;">。因此,認(rèn)為</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">可以代替</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">使用的觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的,能不能使用與使用場合有關(guān),而且按照容規(guī)規(guī)定,我們都冇有權(quán)進(jìn)行</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">“</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">材料代用</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">”</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">,隻有原設(shè)計(jì)部門才可以有權(quán)進(jìn)行</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">"</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">材料代用</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">"</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">的工作。</span></span> </p>

西安進(jìn)口不鏽鋼需要注意的問題

西安使用的不鏽鋼材料分進(jìn)口與國產(chǎn)兩種,國產(chǎn)材料,由於使用的是歐洲(ISO)體係,用成分表示,比較直觀,不容易發(fā)生問題,現(xiàn)在我們重點(diǎn)談?wù)勥M(jìn)口不鏽鋼的一些需要注意的問題:
1、材料標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
現(xiàn)在,我們經(jīng)常見到的進(jìn)口不鏽鋼標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有美國ASME標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的SA240、ASTM標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的A240以及日本JIS標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的SUS;經(jīng)常使用的牌號為304、304L、316L等。下麵以304為例來說明它們的表示方法:JIS標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中材料,表示比較簡單,就是SUS304這樣表示;ASMEASTM的表示有幾種:SA240-304、SA240TP304、A240-304、A240TP304,實(shí)際上,中間加-與加TP的意思是一樣的。我們提到前麵有304L的材料,其中L為後綴,表示含碳量較低;經(jīng)??梢钥吹降倪€有H,表示含碳量較高,主要使用在溫度較高的場合;另外常見的還有N,表示加元素N,提高強(qiáng)度。有時(shí)候,我們還可以在後麵見到:2BNo.1等後綴,這些後綴表示的是材料的表麵狀態(tài);2B表示熱軋加冷軋後,表麵較好,達(dá)到鏡麵要求的鋼板;2D表示熱軋加冷軋後,表麵一般的鋼板;No.1表示熱軋表麵。
2、關(guān)於材料的代用

在許多人心目中,材料以高代低、以厚代薄是天經(jīng)地義的事情,不需要多管,實(shí)際上這種觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的,下麵我們以304、304L、304H為例來進(jìn)行說明:一般來看,304L304有更低的含碳量,更好的耐腐蝕性,因此可以代替304材料使用。確實(shí)304L滿足304的要求,而且比304更好,好像可以自動(dòng)替代304,但從力學(xué)性能看,304的強(qiáng)度比304L高,當(dāng)按304設(shè)計(jì)時(shí),用304L替代,就會(huì)造成強(qiáng)度不夠;另外,在我國壓力容器標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB150-19984.1.6條規(guī)定:奧氏體不鏽鋼的使用溫度高於525時(shí),鋼中含碳量應(yīng)不小於0.04%。因此,認(rèn)為304L可以代替304使用的觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的,能不能使用與使用場合有關(guān),而且按照容規(guī)規(guī)定,我們都冇有權(quán)進(jìn)行材料代用,隻有原設(shè)計(jì)部門才可以有權(quán)進(jìn)行"材料代用"的工作。

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