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不銹鋼中厚板缺陷原因及預防措施
日期：2025-04-28 21:26
瀏覽次數(shù)：0
摘要：<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">不銹鋼中厚板缺陷原因及預防措施</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">不銹鋼中厚板是指厚度</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">4~25.0mm</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">的鋼板。厚度</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">25.0~100.0mm</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">的稱為厚板，厚度超過</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">100.0mm</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">的為特厚板。廣泛用來制作各種容器、爐殼、爐板、橋梁及汽車靜鋼鋼板、低合金鋼鋼板、橋梁用鋼板、造般鋼板、鍋爐鋼板、壓力容器鋼板、花紋鋼板、汽車大梁鋼板，拖拉機某些零件及焊接構件。</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">不銹鋼板缺陷</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">不銹鋼中厚板在使用過程中要注意缺陷的產生，鋼板表面的小縱裂、峰狀裂紋、邊線裂紋、夾雜、結疤會影響表面質量，造成改判，使得產品質量下降。</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">不銹鋼板缺陷的形態(tài)表現(xiàn)</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">1</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、小縱裂，鋼板表面小縱裂形態(tài)為長度小于</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">200mm</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、寬度小于</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">3mm</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、深度小于</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">0.3mm</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">。</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、峰狀裂紋，該裂紋全部發(fā)生在鋼板下表的距邊部</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">5-60mm</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">處，宏觀方向與軋制方向垂直，呈“山峰”狀。</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">3</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、邊線裂紋，該裂紋主要發(fā)生在鋼板距邊部</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">20-80mm</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">處，形態(tài)為多條大小不一的并行縱向裂紋，其規(guī)律是鋼板規(guī)格越厚、越寬，此類缺陷越嚴重。</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">4</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、夾雜、結疤，夾雜、結疤呈規(guī)律性分布，經過邊部火焰扒皮裂紋檢查或鑄坯劃痕火焰清理等精整操作后的現(xiàn)象明顯。</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">不銹鋼板產生缺陷的原因</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">小縱裂是細小雜質混入結晶器形成；</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">峰狀裂紋產生的原因主要是鑄坯外弧皮下角橫裂所致；</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">邊線裂紋是在軋制過程中因鑄坯棱角向表面的側翻所致；</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">夾雜、結疤是精整時表面氧化渣未清理干凈所致。</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">不銹鋼板防止缺陷產生的措施</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">1</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、定期對結晶器檢查，特別是水樣，查看是否有小雜質混入，引起水質變化。</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、嚴格控制設備超齡服役，確保扇形段維護的及時型，避免因發(fā)生扇形段局部輥子不轉導致鑄坯深度劃痕。</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">3</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、實施彎曲段配水分區(qū)控制，動態(tài)控制不同寬度端面鑄坯的角部溫度，避免鑄坯在彎曲過程中角部溫度進入脆性區(qū)。</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">4</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、盡可能用寬端面鑄坯生產大寬度鋼板，減少鋼板軋制時的展寬量，從而減輕寬鋼板軋制時的邊部不均勻變形程度，弱化鋼板出現(xiàn)邊線裂紋的寬向程度。</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">5</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、提高鑄坯在加熱爐內加入溫度的均勻性，優(yōu)化板坯加熱工藝，減少鑄坯上下面溫差，降低軋件上下面變形抗力差別，從而縮小軋件邊部的不均勻變形。</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">6</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、提高鑄坯精整能力，避免出現(xiàn)鑄坯精整后的氧化渣清理不徹底、局部深度燒痕等二次缺陷的發(fā)生。</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
不銹鋼中厚板缺陷原因及預防措施
不銹鋼中厚板是指厚度4~25.0mm的鋼板。厚度25.0~100.0mm的稱為厚板，厚度超過100.0mm的為特厚板。廣泛用來制作各種容器、爐殼、爐板、橋梁及汽車靜鋼鋼板、低合金鋼鋼板、橋梁用鋼板、造般鋼板、鍋爐鋼板、壓力容器鋼板、花紋鋼板、汽車大梁鋼板，拖拉機某些零件及焊接構件。
不銹鋼板缺陷
不銹鋼中厚板在使用過程中要注意缺陷的產生，鋼板表面的小縱裂、峰狀裂紋、邊線裂紋、夾雜、結疤會影響表面質量，造成改判，使得產品質量下降。
不銹鋼板缺陷的形態(tài)表現(xiàn)
1、小縱裂，鋼板表面小縱裂形態(tài)為長度小于200mm、寬度小于3mm、深度小于0.3mm。
2、峰狀裂紋，該裂紋全部發(fā)生在鋼板下表的距邊部5-60mm處，宏觀方向與軋制方向垂直，呈“山峰”狀。
3、邊線裂紋，該裂紋主要發(fā)生在鋼板距邊部20-80mm處，形態(tài)為多條大小不一的并行縱向裂紋，其規(guī)律是鋼板規(guī)格越厚、越寬，此類缺陷越嚴重。
4、夾雜、結疤，夾雜、結疤呈規(guī)律性分布，經過邊部火焰扒皮裂紋檢查或鑄坯劃痕火焰清理等精整操作后的現(xiàn)象明顯。
不銹鋼板產生缺陷的原因
小縱裂是細小雜質混入結晶器形成；
峰狀裂紋產生的原因主要是鑄坯外弧皮下角橫裂所致；
邊線裂紋是在軋制過程中因鑄坯棱角向表面的側翻所致；
夾雜、結疤是精整時表面氧化渣未清理干凈所致。
不銹鋼板防止缺陷產生的措施
1、定期對結晶器檢查，特別是水樣，查看是否有小雜質混入，引起水質變化。
2、嚴格控制設備超齡服役，確保扇形段維護的及時型，避免因發(fā)生扇形段局部輥子不轉導致鑄坯深度劃痕。
3、實施彎曲段配水分區(qū)控制，動態(tài)控制不同寬度端面鑄坯的角部溫度，避免鑄坯在彎曲過程中角部溫度進入脆性區(qū)。
4、盡可能用寬端面鑄坯生產大寬度鋼板，減少鋼板軋制時的展寬量，從而減輕寬鋼板軋制時的邊部不均勻變形程度，弱化鋼板出現(xiàn)邊線裂紋的寬向程度。
5、提高鑄坯在加熱爐內加入溫度的均勻性，優(yōu)化板坯加熱工藝，減少鑄坯上下面溫差，降低軋件上下面變形抗力差別，從而縮小軋件邊部的不均勻變形。
6、提高鑄坯精整能力，避免出現(xiàn)鑄坯精整后的氧化渣清理不徹底、局部深度燒痕等二次缺陷的發(fā)生。
